Energy Transition toward Cleaner Energy Resources in Nepal

Energy is an important input for socioeconomic development and human well-being. The rationality of energy transitions toward cleaner resources not only to improve individual living conditions, but also enhance the economic growth a nation. Nepal considered be one countries with low per-capita electricity use, heavily relying on traditional such as firewood agricultural residues. country rich in hydropower resources. However, various constraints have left significant potential hydroelectricity untapped. This study describes transition patterns based literature review field survey household use winter. We collected data from 516 households Solukhumbu, Panchthar, Jhapa districts Nepal. rate consumption was 330 kWh/capita/year, which significantly lower than that other contemporary global societies India 1000 China 4900 kWh/capita/year. increasing trend production has optimistically transformed sector resources; this correlates GDP per capita. Solar home systems, mini- micro-hydropower plants, biogas technology, improved cook stoves been widely used, lowered health environmental burdens rural areas. By analysing data, we found 25% relied cooking fuel, while 67% 8% mixed commercial fuels, respectively. Moreover, 77% 48% mixed-fuel-using were unhappy current fuels 40% 66% these preferred clean fuels. share decreased 78% 68%, increased 20% 28% 2014/15 2019/20. suggests future policies programs should acknowledge reality achieve sustainability by establishing reliable sources energy.